The energy access sector finds itself at a crossroads. Over the past decades, market-based approaches and decentralised solutions have delivered significant results. At the same time, persistent affordability barriers and the needs of the most vulnerable populations remind us that access remains elusive for many. As technology advances, investments increase and new partnerships emerge, there is an opportunity to rethink how energy can deliver greater impact by serving not only households, but also livelihoods, food systems, economic development and resilience.
For more than 20 years, with the support of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands, RVO and its partners have contributed to the development of sustainable energy access markets, acting as innovators and facilitators. As several long-standing programmes reach their conclusion in 2026, this is a timely moment to reflect on lessons learned, recognise both achievements and limitations and explore how these insights can inform future action.
